Electrification

A Zero-Carbon Grid

Many scenarios exist to how we can achieve GHG emission-free electricity generation.

Challenges remain in overcoming: reliability, intermittent supply, economic feasibility, land usage and infrastructure developments.

1. Renewables: https://ourworldindata.org/cheap-renewables-growth

   • Solar (photovoltaics)

   • Wind (off-shore potential)

2. Nuclear

   • Fission

   • Fusion

3. Energy Storage

• Flow Batteries and improving Lithium-Ion

• Pumped Hydro (incl. underground reservoirs)

• Thermal Storage (ex. molten salt)

• Hydrogen (improving the electrolysis process and electrolyzers)

4. Carbon Capture

• Point Capture

• Direct Air Capture

Ontario Electricity

Rates are Determined by the Ontario Energy Board (OEB)

• • Regulated Price Plan for Time of Use and Tiered Rates: https://www.oeb.ca/rates-and-your-bill/electricity-rates

The Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) directs the flow of electricity on the market

• • Real time market data- supply, demand, and pricing: http://www.ieso.ca/power-data

  • http://reports.ieso.ca/public/GenOutputCapability/PUB_GenOutputCapability.xml

Generation in Ontario is produced by a variety of Fuel Types

• • http://live.gridwatch.ca/home-page.html

  • The leading electricity generator: Ontario Power Generation (OPG)